By: Theresa Moses
World Thrombosis Day is observed on October 13th each year. It is a global initiative aimed at raising awareness about thrombosis, its causes, risk factors, and prevention.
Thrombosis is a condition characterized by the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, which can lead to serious health complications if not detected and managed in a timely manner.
According to Dr. Helen Okoye, a medical expert and spokesperson for the World Thrombosis Day (WTD) campaign, thrombosis is the inappropriate clotting of blood within the vessel such that it prevents the free flow of nutrients and oxygen.
“It should be taken seriously because thrombosis contributes directly or indirectly to the commonest causes of death globally, including in Nigeria. It is preventable, and as such, many deaths can be avoided”.
World Thrombosis Day is an important occasion to raise awareness about the risks of thrombosis and the role lifestyle plays in its prevention. The power of lifestyle changes play to reduce the risk of thrombosis cannot be overstated.
Therefore, Thrombosis, which includes conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, is often influenced by lifestyle factors, especially regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight improves blood circulation. This, in turn, reduces the risk of blood clots forming in the veins.
The risk factors for thrombosis can broadly be divided into two categories: the inherited factors, or thrombophilias, and the acquired risk factors, or acquired thrombophilias. The inherited factors include deficiency of some of the natural anticoagulants due to some mutations, for example, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, and antithrombin deficiency.
Some of the acquired risk factors are chest infections, cancers, surgeries, traumas, obesity, long hospital stays, pregnancy, and so on. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a sedentary lifestyle, a poor diet, and long-haul travel are notable causes as well. In Nigeria, acquired risk factors are more prevalent.
Knowing the risk factors for thrombosis is the first step to reducing the risk. Even though some of the risk factors are non-modifiable, most of the acquired ones can be modified.
Moving around every 2-3 hours can help let blood circulate within the vessels, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps with weight control; drinking plenty of water helps maintain blood viscosity and circulation, especially during long periods of inactivity; and using compression stockings during travel can prevent clot formation.
Don’t Smoke: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of clot formation. Seek help to quit if you’re a smoker and control your blood sugar and cholesterol. When you go to the hospital, ask your doctor to risk accessing you.
There may be a need to thromboprophylax you. For those at risk of a sedentary lifestyle, you can take up the WTD 60 for 60 Challenge to move against thrombosis, which encourages you to get up and move every 60 minutes for 60 seconds. Limit alcohol intake, as excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of clot formation.
Moderation is key. On long trips, take breaks to walk and stretch. If you’re at risk, consult a doctor about using compression stockings or blood-thinning medications during travel.
Lifestyle changes that involve healthy eating and exercise can reduce inflammation in the body, a contributing factor to thrombosis. These lifestyle changes are effective because they address the root causes and risk factors associated with thrombosis. They not only reduce the likelihood of thrombosis but also promote overall health and well-being. It’s essential to consult with healthcare professionals for guidance and personalized recommendations based on individual health conditions and needs.
World Thrombosis Day was initiated by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) to address the global burden of thrombosis and to advocate for greater awareness and action.
Since its inception, it has gained momentum, with healthcare professionals, advocates, etc. dispelling common misconceptions about thrombosis that it only affects the elderly.
According to professionals, thrombosis can strike people of all ages, and awareness is crucial as early as possible. Timely intervention and proper management of thrombosis can prevent life-threatening complications, such as pulmonary embolism and stroke, with much emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
World Thrombosis Day was established in 2014 to shed light on the often under-recognized and underestimated problem of thrombosis. Thus, it serves as a reminder that thrombosis is a significant global health issue that can affect anyone. Thrombosis is a common yet often overlooked medical condition.
It’s worth noting that by raising awareness, advocating for research, and promoting a healthy lifestyle, we can work together to reduce the chances and impact of developing blood clots and improve the lives of individuals at risk of thrombosis.
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